Solar panels are one of the most efficient and reliable ways to generate clean electricity for your home. But how do they actually work?
What Is Solar Energy?
Solar energy is produced by photons — tiny packets of light emitted by the sun — that carry energy across space and reach Earth’s surface. Solar panels capture this electromagnetic radiation and convert it into usable power for your home.
The Photovoltaic Effect: The Science Behind the Panels
At the core of every solar panel are photovoltaic (PV) cells, typically made of silicon. When sunlight hits these cells, photons activate electrons and free them from the semiconductor material, which in turn creates direct current (DC) electricity within the panel. This DC power is then passed through an inverter, where it is converted into alternating current (AC) suitable for powering household appliances. This entire sequence of events is known as the photovoltaic effect, a phenomenon first discovered in 1839 and now used worldwide to generate clean electricity.
How Solar Powers Your Home
Once the electricity has been converted to AC power, it flows through your home’s consumer unit to supply your appliances, and any excess energy you don’t use can be exported back to the grid, allowing you to earn Smart Export Guarantee payments.
Why Modern Panels Are More Efficient
In 2025, solar technology saw major improvements:
● 21–24% efficiency in modern panels (up from 15–18%).
● Lower degradation rates of just 0.5–0.8% per year.
● Lifespans of 25–40 years.
Ready to Turn Solar Science Into Real Savings?
Understanding how solar panels work is the first step — now it’s time to see what they can do for your home. At National Eco Energy, we design high‐performance solar systems tailored to your property and your energy goals.
👉 Book your free solar assessment today
We’ll provide:
✓ A personalised generation estimate
✓ A tailored system design
✓ Clear pricing with no obligation
Start your solar journey here:
Contact us today or request your free quote at National Eco Energy.
National Eco Energy offers free, expert roof suitability checks with fast, accurate recommendations.
👉 Check if your home is solar‐ready
Our team will assess:
✓ Roof orientation & pitch
✓ Shading & structural condition
✓ Potential energy output
✓ Best system size for your budget
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